Do Not Resuscitate Tattoos: Should You Honor Them in an Emergency?

Image: New England Journal of Medicine

I get this question a bit during my training courses and kept thinking while I would continue to resuscitate the patient, I really must look into this. No need to do that now after the great article below arrived in my inbox from the guru’s at Royal Lifesaving WA. So here is the answer to this often asked question.

What would you do if you came across an unconscious person needing CPR, but they had a tattoo that said, ‘DO NOT RESUSCITATE’? Would you ignore the tattoo and continue treatment of the casualty? Would there be any legal ramifications of ignoring the tattoo? How would you know if the tattoo genuinely represents the person’s wishes, or if it’s just a joke?

The Dilemma: A Real-Life Case

These were questions faced by a team of doctors in the US when a patient was brought into a hospital emergency department. They discovered the words ‘DO NOT RESUSCITATE’ clearly tattooed across his chest, with the ‘Not’ underlined and what they presumed was his signature tattooed underneath the statement.

Faced with the dilemma of not knowing whether the tattoo was sincere, the doctors initially decided to administer some treatment while consulting with their hospital ethics team. The ethics team reviewed the case and advised the doctors to honour the tattoo, because it was reasonable to infer that it expressed the man’s wishes.

The man later died without being resuscitated, and it was discovered that he had, in fact, completed a form expressing his wishes, which were consistent with the tattoo. The case sparked international discussion around the validity of these tattoos and whether they are legally binding. 

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What Would Happen in Australia?

Hospitals in Australia typically don’t have an ethics team on call to review individual cases. Advance care planning does exist here; however, the laws differ between states and territories. Generally, treating doctors must be satisfied that the person was competent when they made the directive, that they understood the risks of refusing care, and that it applies to the current situation – all virtually impossible for a first responder to determine when coming across an unconscious person in need of CPR.

The Ambiguity of Tattoos

While a Do Not Resuscitate tattoo could in fact represent a person’s wishes, without sighting documentation to verify this, we cannot know for sure. Perhaps it was their wish at the time of getting the tattoo, but they have since changed their mind. Maybe the tattoo was done in jest, or while under the influence. Additionally, the shorter version that simply states the initials ‘DNR’ presents even more ambiguity – it could stand for something else entirely. 

What Should First Responders Do?

In Australia, first responders are trained to assume that consent is implied when a person is unconscious. You cannot know for sure what the individual would want in that moment. Therefore, it’s crucial always to follow your training and provide CPR if it’s needed.

Are You Prepared?

Are you prepared for emergencies like this? Book your CPR course with us today to ensure you have the skills and knowledge to make the right decisions when every second counts.

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